![]() ![]() This video goes over what volcanic activity entails, specifically mentioning the role of the earth’s forces resulting in the movement of magma to the earth’s cracks and weak points and volcanic eruptions. The resources accompanying this video were created by Cameron McFayden for the section on volcanoes (up to the 3:55 mark) and are shared with a CC BY license. Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Plate BoundariesĪ video by EBS Documentary. Try these questions to test your understanding. Essentially volcanoes are cracks in the earth’s crust that are made of solidified magma and produces lava. Magma starts developing in a magma chamber and as it begins moving up towards the surface into a vent. Once it reaches the surface it has to erupt lava, making it a stereotypical volcano. A volcano is formed when a hot liquid called magma moves its way towards the surface of the earth. The common idea about volcanoes is that they erupt on land only, but the truth is that volcanoes can form underwater and erupt there too. Volcanoes form in continental rift zones (where continents are splitting into separate plates) because the thinning crust decreases pressure on the hot mantle below, allowing partial melting to happen. Volcanoes form at an ocean-to-ocean convergent boundary (where two plates with oceanic crust collide) because along those boundaries, water is added to the mantle, causing partial melting. The last type of boundary is transform boundaries where plates move past each other. Along convergent boundaries the plates move towards each other. Along divergent boundaries the plates move away from each other. There are three types of boundaries where plate tectonics move: divergent, convergent, and transform. Most of the world’s volcanoes are located on plate tectonic boundaries (boundaries where plates come in contact with each other). Tectonic plates are fragments of Earth’s outer shell that shift and move. How does plate tectonics affect eruptions? They cause the most shock and damage because this type of eruption spills lava the highest and furthest. Plinian eruptions is the most explosive type of volcanic eruption.Vulcanian eruptions is the second most explosive eruption, and they spill lava at less than 10km.Strombolian eruptions are more explosive than the Hawai’ian eruptions and they spill lava less than 100 meters.Hawai’ian eruptions have the smallest explosions, and lava that erupts is low-viscosity basaltic, meaning it slowly runs down the sides of the volcano.In reality there are actually four types of volcanic eruptions: Hawai’ian, Strombolian, Vulcanian, and Plinian eruptions. The common idea is that when a volcano erupts it’s always the same type of eruption. Loose Ends What about all the different types of volcanic eruptions? This process essentially lowers or decreases the strength of the rock layer. They eat away at the rock, and can slowly cause hard rock to transform into clay. Hydrothermal alteration is a process that happens when the heat, fluids, and gases inside the magma are too strong for the rock to hold it back. Buoyant force is especially present whenever an object placed in a liquid floats or sinks. Pressure is present on all sides of the object but the strongest force is the pressure on the bottom of the object. The expansion makes the surface crack upward causing an eruption to happen.īuoyant force is defined as a pressure that is placed on an object (such as a rock) by a liquid. This process lowers the lithostatic pressure and expands the materials. ![]() When a rock’s weight decreases dramatically geological processes such as earthquakes, avalanches, or landslides can remove materials such as rocks or ice. Have you ever been confused by the role plate tectonics play into volcanic eruptions?.Would you like to know how magma contributes to the cause of volcanic eruptions?.Have you ever wondered how volcanoes first formed on Earth?.It also goes over how plate tectonics weaken rock plates causing volcanoes to form on earth’s surface. It explains why magma is so important, and how the imbalance of the three geological factors (lithostatic pressure, magmastatic pressure, and rock strength) can cause eruptions. This video explains how and what can cause volcanic eruptions. The resources accompanying this video were created by Kylene Richardson and are shared with a CC BY-NC license. ![]()
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